65c816 Instructions

There are approximately 91 opcodes in ASM. They are divided into different categories.

Loading instructions

These instructions load an 8-bit or a 16-bit value into one of the three registers.

Instruction	Description
LDA	Load into accumulator from memory
LDX	Load into X from memory
LDY	Load into Y from memory

Compare instructions

These instructions, usually used with branch commands, compare one of the three registers with a value or memory. (They essentially subtract the value following the compare instruction from the value in the register, affecting the processor flags but not the register itself.)

Instruction	Description
CMP	Compare accumulator with memory
CPY	Compare Y with memory
CPX	Compare X with memory

Storage instructions

These instructions store various values from a register into memory.

Instruction	Description
STA	Store Accumulator to Memory
STX	Store X to Memory
STY	Store Y to Memory
STZ	Store Zero to Memory

Branching instructions

These instructions branch depending on the processor flags' status, except BRA and BRL, which always branch regardless of the processor flags.

Instruction	Description
BCC	Branch if Carry Clear
BCS	Branch if Carry Set
BPL	Branch if Plus value
BMI	Branch if Minus value
BNE	Branch if not Equal/Branch if not zero
BEQ	Branch if Equal/Branch if zero
BVC	Branch if Overflow Clear
BVS	Branch if Overflow Set
BRL	Branch Always Long
BRA	Branch Always

Mathematical instructions

These instructions perform addition and subtraction with the registers and memory. (Note that there are no opcodes for multiplication and division; special registers must be used for those.)

Instruction	Description
ADC	Add with carry
SBC	Subtract with Carry
INC	Increment Accumulator or Memory
INX	Increment X
INY	Increment Y
DEC	Decrement Accumulator or Memory
DEX	Decrement X
DEY	Decrement Y

Processor flag instructions

These instructions set or clear various processor flags of the SNES.

Instruction	Description
SEP	Set Processor Status Flag
REP	Reset Processor Status Flag
SEC	Set Carry Flag
SED	Set Decimal Flag
SEI	Set Interrupt Flag
CLC	Clear Carry Flag
CLD	Clear Decimal Flag
CLI	Clear Interrupt Flag
CLV	Clear Overflow Flag
XCE	Exchange Carry and Emulation (swaps bits of emulation flag and carry flag, toggling emulation mode on/off)

Stack instructions

These instructions push and pull various bytes on/from the stack, a special designated area of RAM that is located at $01FF-$010B in SMW.

Instruction	Description
PEA	Push Effective Address (Simply push a 16-bit absolute value on the stack)
PEI	Push Effective Indirect Address
PER	Push Program Counter Relative
PHA	Push Accumulator
PHB	Push Data Bank Register
PHD	Push Direct Page Register
PHK	Push Program Bank Register
PHP	Push Processor Status Flags
PHX	Push X
PHY	Push Y
PLA	Pull Accumulator
PLB	Pull Data Bank Register
PLD	Pull Direct Page Register
PLP	Pull Processor Status Flags
PLX	Pull X
PLY	Pull Y

Bitwise instructions

These operations affect the individual bits of A and/or memory.

Instruction	Description
AND	AND Accumulator with Memory
ASL	Left Shift Accumulator or Memory
BIT	Bit Test
EOR	Exclusive OR Accumulator with Memory
LSR	Shift Right Accumulator or Memory
ORA	OR Accumulator with Memory
ROL	Rotate Left Accumulator or Memory
ROR	Rotate Right Accumulator or Memory
TRB	Test and Reset Bit
TSB	Test and Set Bit

Transfer instructions

These opcodes transfer values from register to register (or, in the case of MVN and MVP, from memory to memory).

Instruction	Description
TAX	Transfer Accumulator to X
TAY	Transfer Accumulator to Y
TCD	Transfer Accumulator to Direct Page
TCS	Transfer Accumulator to Stack pointer
TDC	Transfer Direct Page to Accumulator
TSC	Transfer Stack Pointer to Accumulator
TSX	Transfer Stack Pointer to X
TXA	Transfer X to Accumulator
TXS	Transfer X to Stack Pointer
TXY	Transfer X to Y
TYA	Transfer Y to Accumulator
TYX	Transfer Y to X
MVN	Block Move Negative
MVP	Block Move Positive

Program flow instructions

These instructions jump into some other part of the ROM/RAM.

Instruction	Description
JML	Jump Long
JMP	Jump
JSL	Jump to Subroutine Long
JSR	Jump to Subroutine
RTI	Return from Interrupt
RTL	Return from Subroutine Long
RTS	Return from Subroutine

Other instructions

These are other misc. opcodes.

Instruction	Description
BRK	Software Break (Sets the B flag in emulation mode, interrupt in native)
COP	Coprocessor Empowerment (interrupt)
NOP	No operation (does absolutely nothing except waste a cycle of processing time)
STP	Stop the Clock (freezes the SNES's processor)
WAI	Wait for Interrupt
XBA	Exchanges low and high byte of the A register