H-Sound Engine

H-Sound is a sound engine created by Tsutomu Hagiwara of Sol for the SPC700 [1] [2]. The sound driver was used in five games.

Only one version, 0.5, was ever used. However, there are technically three different builds, each with very minor differences:

• Yuujin no Furi Furi Girls, compared to Kamen Rider SD, has extra valid percussion note slots and a single extra opcode that overwrites the timer value to use at the start, thus almost not even qualifying as a build variant.
• The other three games, compared to Kamen Rider SD, are missing an optional inversion operation for the echo volume. This is not controlled by a VCMD within the song.

Game Name	Build ID	VCMD Table Location ($E0 and up)	ROM Offset
Kamen Rider SD	1	0x0C3D	0x0C9B91
Yuujin no Furi Furi Girls	2	0x0C45	0x888000
Hisshou Pachi-Slot Fun	3	0x0C69	0x088000
Honkakuha Igo - Gosei	3	0x0C69	0x0C8000
Janyuuki Gokuu Randa	3	0x0C69	0x1D8000

The raw build sorting notes can be found here.

Communication with the SNES

Each command is triggered by sending the command ID to $2140/$F4. To send the same command ID again, toggle either of the highest two bits.

Output to the SNES

Two out of the four CPUIO registers are used as output from a command ID, and thus will be covered below under Command IDs.

xx ?? ?? yy

• xx is the last non-zero command ID sent.
• yy is the output of an RNG function. This is updated continuously while timer 0 is outputting a zero (meaning it has not yet ticked).

Command IDs

Command ID	Description	Register Values & Arguments
%??000000	NOP	%??000000 ?? ?? ??
%??000001	Play Music/SFX	%??000001 xx ?? ??
%??000010	Stop All Sound	%??000010 ?? ?? ??
%??000011	Mute Channels	%??000011 %xxxxxxxx ?? ??
%??000100	Echo Volume	%??000100 xx ?? ??
%??000101	Master Volume	%??000101 xx yy ??
%??000110	FLG DSP Register Set	%??000110 xx ?? ??
%??000111	Acknowledge	%??000111 ?? ?? ??
%??001000	Echo Feedback	%??001000 xx ?? ??
%??001001	Global Transposition	%??001001 xx ?? ??
%??001010	Tempo Offset	%??001010 xx ?? ??
%??001011	Echo Enable Bits	%??001011 %xxxxxxxx ?? ??
%??001100	FIR Coefficient Table ID	%??001100 xx ?? ??
%??001101	Acknowledge + Stop All Sound + Load New Data	%??001101 ?? ?? ??
%??001110	Acknowledge + Load New Data	%??001110 ?? ?? ??
%??001111	Acknowledge + Stop All Sound + Load New Data + Play Music ID $00	%??001111 ?? ?? ??
%??010000	Set Instrument ID For Channel	%??010000 xx yy ??
%??010001	Set Instrument ADSR For Channel	%??010001 xx yy zz
%??010010	Inverted Relative Master & Echo Volume	%??010010 xx yy ??
%??010011	Relative Master & Echo Volume	%??010011 xx yy ??
%??010100	Inverted Relative Song Tempo Offset	%??010100 xx ?? ??
%??010101	Relative Song Tempo Offset	%??010101 xx ?? ??
%??010110	Pitch Offset for Channel	%??010110 xx yy zz
%??010111	Set Stereo Mode	%??010111 ?? ?? ??
%??011000	Redefine FIR Coefficient in Table	%??011000 xx yy zz
%??011001	Instrument Pitch Base Offset For Channel	%??011001 xx ?? ??
%??011010	Restart	%??011010 ?? ?? ??
%??010011	Set Mono Mode	%??010011 ?? ?? ??
%??01010?	Stop All SFX	%??01010? ?? ?? ??
%??010110	Fade Out	%??010110 ?? ?? ??
%??010111	Stop All SFX	%??010111 ?? ?? ??
%??100000	Redefine Attack For Channel	%??100000 %????xxxx ?? ??
%??100001	Redefine Decay For Channel	%??100001 %?????xxx ?? ??
%??100010	Redefine Sustain Level For Channel	%??100010 %?????xxx ?? ??
%??100011	Redefine Sustain Rate For Channel	%??100011 %???xxxxx ?? ??
$24-$3F/$64-$7F/$A4-$BF/$E4-$FF	Acknowledge	$24-$3F/$64-$7F/$A4-$BF/$E4-$FF ?? ?? ??

TODO document this

Instrument Format

The instrument format is N-SPC/Kankichi-kun compatible minus noise support for SRCN values above 127.

The instrument format is defined as the following bytes...

xx yy zz aa bb cc

• xx is a direct write to the VxSRCN DSP register.
• yy is a direct write to the VxADSR1 DSP register.
• zz is a direct write to the VxADSR2 DSP register.
• aa is a direct write to the VxGAIN DSP register.
• bb is a pitch base multiplier.
• cc is a fractional pitch base multiplier, defined in 256ths.

Header Format

Each song's header is a series of eight four-byte entries, one per channel. Thus, they show up like this in the data...

xx xx yy ?? xx xx yy ?? xx xx yy ?? xx xx yy ?? xx xx yy ?? xx xx yy ?? xx xx yy ?? xx xx yy ??

Each entry (consisting of one track) contains the following bytes...

xx xx yy ??

• xx xx is a little endian track pointer.
• yy is a master track ID. For the music, this is zero. For SFX, this is a non-zero value.

Voice Command Format

VCMD ID	Description	Arguments
$00-$60	Note Length
$61-$71	Invalid Velocity
$72-$79	Velocity
$7A-$7F	Quantization
$80-$C7	Note
$C8	Instant Slide To Note
$C9	Tie
$CA-$DF	Percussion
$E0	Instrument	xx
$E1	Panning	xx
$E2	Note Volume	xx
$E3	NOP
$E4	Pitch Offset	xx
$E5	Absolute Transposition	xx
$E6	Global Absolute Transposition	xx
$E7	Loop Section Start
$E8	Loop Section End	xx
$E9	Tempo	xx
$EA	NOP
$EB	Activate Percussion Mode
$EC	Echo On
$ED	Echo Off
$EE	ADSR	xx yy
$EF	GAIN	xx
$F0-$F1	NOP
$F2	Jump	xx xx
$F3	Noise Clock	%???xxxxx
$F4	Noise On
$F5	Noise Off
$F6	Key Off On Quantization Elapse Enable
$F7	Key Off On Quantization Elapse Disable
$F8	FIR Coefficient Table ID	xx
$F9	Echo Volume	xx
$FA	Echo Feedback	xx
$FB-$FD	NOP
$FE	End of Track
$FF	NOP

NOP (VCMD $E3, $EA, $F0-$F1, $FB-$FD, $FF)

Does absolutely nothing.

Note Length (VCMD $00-$60)

Defines a note length in tempo ticks plus one.

Invalid Velocity (VCMD $61-$71)

These are invalid VCMD IDs. They technically work, just that they read invalid velocity parameters as a side effect.

Velocity (VCMD $72-$79)

Refers to an array that contains a value to multiply by when combined with other volume parameters.

Quantization (VCMD $7A-$7F)

Refers to an array that contains a percentage in 256ths for how far along the note to play before keying it off in tempo ticks.

NOTE: This affects all channels due to a bug in its implementation (specifically, there's no indexed loading when calculating the number of ticks before keying off), and it only works when the first channel defines the quantization.

Note (VCMD $80-$C7)

Plays a note and delays the channel for one note length before reading another VCMD.

Instant Slide To Note (VCMD $C8)

Sets up the next note to not be keyed on and instead merely changes the pitch to the next note indicated. Other VCMDs can be processed first prior to the note being defined.

Tie (VCMD $C9)

Continues playing the previous note and delays the channel for one note length before reading another VCMD.

Percussion (VCMD $CA-$DF)

Plays a percussion note. Each percussion note takes up an instrument slot starting at a hardcoded fixed offset, and has a dedicated fixed pitch to play at referred to via a separate table.

Instrument (VCMD $E0)

$E0 xx

• xx is an instrument ID to an array of instruments. See Instrument Format above for the format.

Panning (VCMD $E1)

$E1 xx

• xx is the panning value. $00 is left, and $FF is right.

Note Volume (VCMD $E2)

$E2 xx

• xx is the volume of the note.

Pitch Offset (VCMD $E4)

$E4 xx

• xx defines the offset in units used for the VxPITCHH DSP registers. This is applied after multiplying out all of the other pitches.

Absolute Transposition (VCMD $E5)

$E5 xx

• xx is a signed value defining the number of semitones to transpose subsequent notes.

Global Absolute Transposition (VCMD $E6)

$E6 xx

• xx is a signed value defining the number of semitones to transpose subsequent notes. Note that this affects all channels, not just one channel.

Loop Section Start (VCMD $E7)

Defines a starting point for a loop section. No nesting is allowed.

Loop Section End (VCMD $E8)

$E8 xx

• xx defines the number of times to go back to the loop section start marker.

Tempo (VCMD $E9)

$E9 xx

• xx defines the tempo. One tempo is equal to one timer 0 tick multiplied by ${\frac {x+1}{256}}$.

Activate Percussion Mode (VCMD $EB)

Causes standard notes to be invalid and percussion notes to be valid. Without using this VCMD, percussion notes are a NOP instead.

Echo On (VCMD $EC)

Activates echo for the channel.

Echo Off (VCMD $ED)

Disables echo for the channel.

ADSR (VCMD $EE)

$EE xx yy

• xx is a direct write to the VxADSR1 register. The highest bit is automatically set to force ADSR mode.
• yy is a direct write to the VxADSR2 register.

GAIN (VCMD $EF)

$EF xx

The highest bit in the VxADSR1 register is automatically cleared to force GAIN mode.

• xx is a direct write to the VxGAIN register.

Jump (VCMD $F2)

$F2 xx xx

• xx xx is a little endian pointer indicating where to jump to.

Noise Clock (VCMD $F3)

$F3 %???xxxxx

• %xxxxx defines the speed of the noise clock in five bits.

Noise On (VCMD $F4)

Activates noise for the channel.

Noise Off (VCMD $F5)

Disables noise for the channel.

Key Off On Quantization Elapse Enable (VCMD $F6)

This enables an automatic key off when a percentage of the note length defined by the quantization value has elapsed.

Key Off On Quantization Elapse Disable (VCMD $F7)

This disables an automatic key off when a percentage of the note length defined by the quantization value has elapsed.

FIR Coefficient Table ID (VCMD $F8)

$F8 xx

• xx is an ID for a table of FIR coefficient IDs.

Echo Volume (VCMD $F9)

$F9 xx

• xx defines the volume used for the EVOLL and EVOLR DSP registers.

Echo Feedback (VCMD $FA)

$FA xx

• xx defines the value used for the EFB DSP register.

End of Track (VCMD $FE)

Stops the track from playing.